Universal Precautions

While the risk of infection due to contact with infectious tissue or fluids is far greater in the clinical year, students use sharp objects during the didactic year as well, and therefore should learn to practice universal precautions. The principle of universal precautions has been adopted to protect clinicians from exposure to infectious disease because any patient may harbor microorganisms that could cause infection if transmitted. Although blood-borne pathogens are of particular concern, all body fluids secretions, and excretions are included in universal precautions. Since infected patients may be asymptomatic, it becomes necessary to use basic precautions with every patient. Observance of universal precautions will help to provide better protection for every staff member. Students should also familiarize themselves with the hospital/clinical sites specific policies regarding universal precautions. The material below reviews guidelines and preventative techniques.

 ·         Avoid direct contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, non-intact skin and lesions

·         Avoid injuries from all sharp objects such as needles or scalpels

·         Avoid direct contact with items, objects, and surfaces contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions

·         Dispose of all sharp objects promptly in special puncture resistant containers

·         Dispose of all contaminated articles and materials in a safe manner prescribed bylaw

·         Wash hands frequently and thoroughly, especially if they become contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions

·         Depending on job duties and risk of exposure, use appropriate barriers, which can include gloves, gowns, aprons, caps, shoe covers, leggings, masks, goggles, face shields and resuscitation devices. These barriers are to be used to protect;

 - Skin, especially non-intact skin (where there are cuts, chapping, abrasions or any other break in the skin.
- Mucous membranes, especially eyes, nose and mouth.

Note: Protective apparel, including gloves, must be removed after each use and are to be PROPERLY disposed of, and not worn from one patient or activity to another.